Is there anyone who can tell me about "Quantum Wave Theory"?

Question

If they can provide a list of websites on subject, i will be grateful to them.

Answer 1

An atomic particle can be represented either as a particle or as a wave; such a particle has both properties simultaneously and with appropriate experiments you can see either property. Electrons, for example, act as particles when you use them to light a CRT screen, but if you set up an apparatus with two slits and throw electrons at them such that they could go through either slit, you see a diffraction pattern as from a wave. A consequence of this is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle: you cannot determine both the position and momentum of a particle with unlimited precision: the product of the uncertainties of the two measurements must be at least as large as a small number called Planck's constant. For more on this, see any textbook on quantum mechanics.

Answer 2

De Broglie was studying Bohr orbits in 1924. He had a problem and eventually solved it by mathematically simulating a standing wave around the circumference of the line tracing an electron's orbit. In 1925, De Broglie gave the result in his dissertation and it worked perfectly. In 1930 (I think it was 1930...) Bohr was awarded the nobel prize in physics for his explanation of the wave model. The "electron wave" was essentially a representation of the probability density of the electron's position. Shrodinger made a differential equation in 1926 which one could call the beginning of modern quantum mechanics.



I forgot about photons, sorry. Here is the timeline for our theory of light:



1700 - don't know

1800 - don't know, but it's really fast

1801 - Young's double slit expleriment shows a diffraction pattern for light and creates evidence for its wavelike properties

1850 - Foucault measures the speed of light in water

1865 - Maxwell discovers, almost by accident, that light is an electromagnetic wave.

1905 - Einstein describes light as a particle to explain the photoelectric effect

1910 - don't know again.



It is clear that light as a particle came before the electron as a wave. It is important to note that these are mathematical models and we apply models that work. Models which predict nature are possible, but models that reveal nature's secrets are not at this point. Quantum wave models are very good predictors.



In light and in matter we have this so-called "wave-particle duality." A quantum is an individual amount, a discreet bundle. Only discreet bundles of energy are allowed in atomic orbits, so we say that they are quantized. Quantum wave theory is the attempt to describe quanta (like electrons) by waves. What happens when you assume something is a particle and a wave is what has made many of the rules of quantum theory.



I am sorry, but I cannot really name any good websites, but here are some good books, which are out of print but which I was able to find for a decent price on amazon.com:



Modern Physics and Quantum Mechanics - Anderson, 1971



Introduction to Modern Physics - McGervey, 1971



These two are genuine physics texts. They require some real mathematical knowledge on the part of the reader. For an excellent, and less mathematical treatment, try the Feynman lectures or any explanation by Richard Feynman.

Answer 3

light can behave as a wave or as a particle. As a wave, it has zero rest mass, but as a particle it has a mass. The mass can be calculated by the de Broglie's matter wave equation.